Integer缓存策略
这篇文章其实是讲Java和Python的,其他的语言并不知道。
在Java里你可能会遇到这样一个问题:
1public class JavaIntegerCache {
2 public static void main(String... strings) {
3
4 Integer integer1 = 3;
5 Integer integer2 = 3;
6
7 if (integer1 == integer2)
8 System.out.println("integer1 == integer2");
9 else
10 System.out.println("integer1 != integer2");
11
12 Integer integer3 = 300;
13 Integer integer4 = 300;
14
15 if (integer3 == integer4)
16 System.out.println("integer3 == integer4");
17 else
18 System.out.println("integer3 != integer4");
19
20 }
21}
22
那么问题来了,答案是什么,首先,我们应该比较的是地址,这是引用类型,那么应该两个都不等吗?
运行结果是:
integer1 == integer2
integer3 != integer4
似乎是个神奇的结论,但是是为什么?
其实是源于一种缓存策略,这种策略会把小数缓存到内存地址里,提高性能和节省内存,实现小数的重用。
当然,这是缓存在Java中仅适用于自动装箱。
接下来我们来看看Java是怎么实现缓存的:
1/**
2 * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
3 * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
4 *
5 * The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
6 * may be controlled by the {<a href="http://www.jobbole.com/members/java12">@code</a> -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=} option.
7 * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
8 * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
9 * sun.misc.VM class.
10 */
11
12 private static class IntegerCache {
13 static final int low = -128;
14 static final int high;
15 static final Integer cache[];
16
17 static {
18 // high value may be configured by property
19 int h = 127;
20 String integerCacheHighPropValue =
21 sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
22 if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
23 try {
24 int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
25 i = Math.max(i, 127);
26 // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
27 h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
28 } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
29 // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
30 }
31 }
32 high = h;
33
34 cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
35 int j = low;
36 for(int k = 0; k &lt; cache.length; k++)
37 cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
38
39 // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
40 assert IntegerCache.high &gt;= 127;
41 }
42
43 private IntegerCache() {}
44 }
45
实际上,这一范围可以调整JVM启动参数调整,默认是-128-127,通过Integer类第一次被使用来初始化,实现就是一个简单的for循环。
详细阅读:理解Java Integer的缓存策略
看上去还是很简单的,其实Python中也有类似的策略:
尝试一下代码:
1>>> x=256
2>>> x is 256
3True
4>>> x=1024
5>>> x is 1024
6False
7
is
以及id()
都是用于比较地址二不是值得,这样比较好明确。
实际上同样的跟Java一样,在解释器运行时也会进行初始化缓存缓存一些数字(当然平时写程序我们应该不会关注到这一点)。
Python的详细解释:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4293408/ids-of-immutable-types 之后我还试了试JavaScript,很遗憾并没有这个特性。
评论 (2)
In fact, you should released and strictly control the memory in coding.
Learned a lot ! Great! In 2012, I go to SMU often since my first gf is there and she study the same lessons . Miss these days.